Fundamentals

The Federalist Papers

85 essays by Alexander Hamilton, James Madison and John Jay, published in 1787 and 1788 during the debate over ratification.

85 essays · Yale Law School, Avalon Project

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Sections

No. 1General Introduction
No. 2Concerning Dangers from Foreign Force and Influence
No. 3The Same Subject Continued: Concerning Dangers From Foreign Force and Influence
No. 4The Same Subject Continued: Concerning Dangers From Foreign Force and Influence
No. 5The Same Subject Continued: Concerning Dangers From Foreign Force and Influence
No. 6Concerning Dangers from Dissensions Between the States
No. 7The Same Subject Continued: Concerning Dangers from Dissensions Between the States
No. 8The Consequences of Hostilities Between the States
No. 9The Union as a Safeguard Against Domestic Faction and Insurrection
No. 10The Same Subject Continued: The Union as a Safeguard Against Domestic Faction and Insurrection
No. 11The Utility of the Union in Respect to Commercial Relations and a Navy
No. 12The Utility of the Union In Respect to Revenue
No. 13Advantage of the Union in Respect to Economy in Government
No. 14Objections to the Proposed Constitution From Extent of Territory Answered
No. 15The Insufficiency of the Present Confederation to Preserve the Union
No. 16The Same Subject Continued: The Insufficiency of the Present Confederation to Preserve the Union
No. 17The Same Subject Continued: The Insufficiency of the Present Confederation to Preserve the Union
No. 18The Same Subject Continued: The Insufficiency of the Present Confederation to Preserve the Union
No. 19The Same Subject Continued: The Insufficiency of the Present Confederation to Preserve the Union
No. 20The Same Subject Continued: The Insufficiency fo the Present Confederation to Preserve the Union
No. 21Other Defects of the Present Confederation
No. 22The Same Subject Continued: Other Defects of the Present Confederation
No. 23The Necessity of a Government as Energetic as the One Proposed to the Preservation of the Union
No. 24The Powers Necessary to the Common Defense Further Considered
No. 25The Same Subject Continued (The Powers Necessary to the Common Defense Further Considered)
No. 26The Idea of Restraining the Legislative Authority in Regard to the Common Defense Considered
No. 27The Same Subject Continued (The Idea of Restraining the Legislative Authority in Regard to the Common Defense Considered)
No. 28The Same Subject Continued (The Idea of Restraining the Legislative Authority in Regard to the Common Defense Considered)
No. 29Concerning the Militia
No. 30Concerning the General Power of Taxation
No. 31The Same Subject Continued: Concerning the General Power of Taxation
No. 32The Same Subject Continued: Concerning the General Power of Taxation
No. 33The Same Subject Continued: Concerning the General Power of Taxation
No. 34The Same Subject Continued: Concerning the General Power of Taxation
No. 35The Same Subject Continued: Concerning the General Power of Taxation
No. 36The Same Subject Continued: Concerning the General Power of Taxation
No. 37Concerning the Difficulties of the Convention in Devising a Proper Form of Government
No. 38The Same Subject Continued, and the Incoherence of the Objections to the New Plan Exposed
No. 39The Conformity of the Plan to Republican Principles
No. 40The Powers of the Convention to Form a Mixed Government Examined and Sustained
No. 41General View of the Powers Conferred by The Constitution
No. 42The Powers Conferred by the Constitution Further Considered
No. 43The Same Subject Continued (The Powers Conferred by the Constitution Further Considered)
No. 44Restrictions on the Authority of the Several States
No. 45The Alleged Danger
No. 46The Influence of the State and Federal Governments Compared
No. 47The Particular Structure of the New Government and the Distribution of Power Among Its Different Parts
No. 48These Departments Should Not Be So Far Separated as to Have No Constitutional Control Over Each Other
No. 49Method of Guarding Against the Encroachments of Any One Department of Government by Appealing to the People Through a Convention
No. 50Periodical Appeals to the People Considered
No. 51The Structure of the Government Must Furnish the Proper Checks and Balances Between the Different Departments
No. 52The House of Representatives
No. 53The Same Subject Continued (The House of Representatives)
No. 54The Apportionment of Members Among the States
No. 55The Total Number of the House of Representatives
No. 56The Same Subject Continued (The Total Number of the House of Representatives)
No. 57The Alleged Tendency of the New Plan to Elevate the Few at the Expense of the Many Considered in Connection with Representation
No. 58Objection That The Number of Members Will Not Be Augmented as the Progress of Population Demands Considered
No. 59Concerning the Power of Congress to Regulate the Election of Members
No. 60The Same Subject Continued (Concerning the Power of Congress to Regulate the Election of Members)
No. 61The Same Subject Continued (Concerning the Power of Congress to Regulate the Election of Members)
No. 62The Senate
No. 63The Senate Continued
No. 64The Powers of the Senate
No. 65The Powers of the Senate Continued
No. 66Objections to the Power of the Senate To Set as a Court for Impeachments Further Considered
No. 67The Executive Department
No. 68The Mode of Electing the President
No. 69The Real Character of the Executive
No. 70The Executive Department Further Considered
No. 71The Duration in Office of the Executive
No. 72The Same Subject Continued, and Re-Eligibility of the Executive Considered
No. 73The Provision
No. 74The Command of the Military and Naval Forces, and the Pardoning Power of the Executive
No. 75The Treaty-Making Power of the Executive
No. 76The Appointing Power of the Executive
No. 77The Appointing Power Continued and Other Powers of the Executive Considered
No. 78The Judiciary Department
No. 79The Judiciary Continued
No. 80The Powers of the Judiciary
No. 81The Judiciary Continued, and the Distribution of the Judicial Authority
No. 82The Judiciary Continued
No. 83The Judiciary Continued in Relation to Trial by Jury
No. 84Certain General and Miscellaneous Objections to the Constitution Considered and Answered
No. 85Concluding Remarks